eived sham irradiation . Compared to the control-placebo group, the irradiated subjects showed increases in anhedonia ratings at two time points: during the 3-week baseline period and during weeks 1015 of stress/drug exposure. c. Affiliation scores during acute intruder stress on week 15. Intruder stress at week-15 Author Contributions Conceived and designed the experiments: TP HS AD JC RH. Performed the experiments: TP KK NJ CL LT DH GR. Analyzed the data: TP JC AD. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis 23370967 tools: TP AD JC. Wrote the paper: TP CL LT JC KK. 12 April 2011 | Volume 6 | Issue 4 | e17600 Neurogenesis Necessity for CEP32496 antidepressants Action 13. Rosenblum LA, Forger C, Noland S, Trost RC, Coplan JD Response of adolescent bonnet macaques to an acute fear stimulus as a function of early rearing conditions. Developmental Psychobiology 39: 405. 14. Gould E, Tanapat P, McEwen BS, Flugge G, Fuchs E Proliferation of granule cell precursors in the dentate gyrus of adult monkeys is diminished by stress. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 95: 3168171. 15. Coe CL, Kramer M, Czeh B, Gould E, Reeves AJ, et al. Prenatal stress diminishes neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of juvenile rhesus monkeys. Biological Psychiatry 54: 1025034. 16. Perera TD, Coplan JD, Lisanby SH, Lipira CM, Arif M, et al. Antidepressant-induced neurogenesis in the hippocampus of adult nonhuman primates. Journal of Neuroscience 27: 4894901. 17. Higley J, Hasert M, Suomi S, Linnoila M The serotonin reuptake inhibitor sertraline reduces excessive alcohol consumption in nonhuman primates: Effect of stress. Neuropsychopharmacology 18: 43143. 18. Wang JW, David DJ, Monckton JE, Battaglia F, Hen R Chronic fluoxetine stimulates maturation and synaptic plasticity of adult-born hippocampal granule cells. Journal of Neuroscience 28: 1374384. 19. Santarelli L, Saxe M, Gross C, Surget A, Battaglia F, et al. Requirement of hippocampal neurogenesis for the behavioral effects of antidepressants. Science 301: 80509. 20. Holick KA, Lee DC, Hen R, Dulawa SC Behavioral effects of chronic fluoxetine in BALB/cJ mice do not require adult hippocampal neurogenesis or the serotonin 1A receptor. Neuropsychopharmacology 33: 40617. 21. Brown JP, Couillard-Despres S, Cooper-Kuhn CM, Winkler J, Aigner L, et al. Transient expression of doublecortin during adult neurogenesis. J Comp Neurol 467: 10. 22. Couillard-Despres S, Winner B, Schaubeck S, Aigner R, Vroemen M, et al. Doublecortin expression levels in adult brain reflect neurogenesis. European Journal of Neuroscience 21: 14. 23. Gu L TS, Rollins BJ Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1. Chem Immunol 72: 79. 24. Hoffman GE, Lyo D Anatomical markers of activity in neuroendocrine systems: Are we all `Fos-ed out’ Journal of Neuroendocrinology 14: 25968. 25. Kovacs KJ c-Fos as a transcription factor: a stressful view from a functional map. Neurochemistry International 33: 28797. 26. Ge SY, Goh ELK, Sailor KA, Kitabatake Y, Ming GL, et al. GABA regulates synaptic integration of newly generated neurons in the adult brain. Nature 439: 58993. 27. Verwer RW, Sluiter AA, Balesar RA, Baayen JC, Noske DP, et al. Mature astrocytes in the adult human neocortex express the early neuronal marker doublecortin. Brain 130: 3321335. 28. Plumpe T, Ehninger D, Steiner B, Klempin F, Jessberger S, et al. Variability of doublecortin-associated dendrite maturation in adult hippocampal neurogenesis is independent of the regulation of