Ted alpha of 0.05/2.Results Chronic Unpredictable Stress and Exposure to the Radial Arm Water Maze were Both Oltipraz Stressful ExperiencesThroughout the CUS paradigm body weights were monitored in both the control and stressed groups. Prior to onset of CUS, there was no difference in body weight Microcystin-LR chemical information between the groups. By theWestern BlottingTo generate a profile of region-specific expression of plasticityassociated proteins induced by a stressful spatial learning task, control (n = 7) and control+learning (n = 6) animals were sacrificed following the long-term memory trial. Brains were removed and the hippocampus rapidly dissected into 3 sections: dorsal, ventral and middle. A middle area was discarded in order to ensure that samples from the dorsal and ventral portions did not overlap [28]. The DG was then dissected away from the rest of the hippocampus, and the tissue was homogenized separately in 200 ml of lysis buffer cocktail (150 mM NaCl, 10 mM HEPES, 10 nM EGTA) and supplemented with 100x protease and phosphatase inhibitors (ThermoScience, IL, USA) with a sonicator at medium speed for 5 seconds, 4 times. The homogenates were then centrifuged at 14,000g for 15 minutes at 4uC. The supernatant was removed and stored at 280uC. The total protein concentration was estimated using a bicinchoninic (BCA) assay (Pierce Chemical, IL, USA) according to manufacturer instructions, using ?actin as the standard. Homogenates were separated on 17 SDS/PAGE gels (pro and mature BDNF) or 10 SDS/PAGE gels (PSD-95) (BioRad, CA, USA). They were then transferred onto a PVDF membrane for 1.5 hours at 45 V at room temperature (pro and mature BDNF), or overnight at 40 V at 4u (PSD-95), then stained with Ponceau S. Once rinsed, membranes were blocked for an hour at room temperature with continual mixing using 5 skim milk in TBS with 0.05 Tween-20 (BDNF, PSD-95) and 5 skim milk in PBS with 0.05 Tween-20 (?actin). Membranes were then washed 3 times for 5 minutes in wash buffer (TBS with 0.05 Tween for pro and mature BDNF and PSD-95; PBS with 0.05 Tween for ?actin). Samples were incubated in primary antibody (polyclonal rabbit anti-BDNF, 1:1000; mouse anti-PSD-95, 1:500, both Chemicon, CA, USA; polyclonal mouse anti-?actin, 1:20,000, Millipore, MA, USA) overnight at 4uC. After being washed in the appropriate buffer, membranes were incubated with secondary antibody (goat antirabbit 1:15,000 or goat anti-mouse, 1:5000, both KPL, Maryland, USA). Blots were developed using an enhanced chemiluminescence detection method (ECL Plus, Buckinghamshire, UK). Band intensity was assessed using a BioRad Gel Doc Imaging System with Quantity One software (BioRad, CA, USA). Protein quantity was assessed from the adjusted band intensity using the volume rectangle analysis tools and linear regression methods. Each sample value was divided by the total 15826876 protein loading value (the intensity of ?actin) and localFigure 1. CUS and learning were both stressful. Animals that underwent CUS did not gain weight over the 2-week period of stressor exposure, whereas control animals did (A). Exposure to the CUS paradigm raised corticosterone levels, as did learning in the RAWM (B). Note, however, that learning did not further elevate corticosterone in stressed animals. *significantly different from baseline, { significantly different from Post CUS control. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0053126.gHippocampal Subregions, Stress and Learningend of CUS, however, control animals had gained significantly more.Ted alpha of 0.05/2.Results Chronic Unpredictable Stress and Exposure to the Radial Arm Water Maze were Both Stressful ExperiencesThroughout the CUS paradigm body weights were monitored in both the control and stressed groups. Prior to onset of CUS, there was no difference in body weight between the groups. By theWestern BlottingTo generate a profile of region-specific expression of plasticityassociated proteins induced by a stressful spatial learning task, control (n = 7) and control+learning (n = 6) animals were sacrificed following the long-term memory trial. Brains were removed and the hippocampus rapidly dissected into 3 sections: dorsal, ventral and middle. A middle area was discarded in order to ensure that samples from the dorsal and ventral portions did not overlap [28]. The DG was then dissected away from the rest of the hippocampus, and the tissue was homogenized separately in 200 ml of lysis buffer cocktail (150 mM NaCl, 10 mM HEPES, 10 nM EGTA) and supplemented with 100x protease and phosphatase inhibitors (ThermoScience, IL, USA) with a sonicator at medium speed for 5 seconds, 4 times. The homogenates were then centrifuged at 14,000g for 15 minutes at 4uC. The supernatant was removed and stored at 280uC. The total protein concentration was estimated using a bicinchoninic (BCA) assay (Pierce Chemical, IL, USA) according to manufacturer instructions, using ?actin as the standard. Homogenates were separated on 17 SDS/PAGE gels (pro and mature BDNF) or 10 SDS/PAGE gels (PSD-95) (BioRad, CA, USA). They were then transferred onto a PVDF membrane for 1.5 hours at 45 V at room temperature (pro and mature BDNF), or overnight at 40 V at 4u (PSD-95), then stained with Ponceau S. Once rinsed, membranes were blocked for an hour at room temperature with continual mixing using 5 skim milk in TBS with 0.05 Tween-20 (BDNF, PSD-95) and 5 skim milk in PBS with 0.05 Tween-20 (?actin). Membranes were then washed 3 times for 5 minutes in wash buffer (TBS with 0.05 Tween for pro and mature BDNF and PSD-95; PBS with 0.05 Tween for ?actin). Samples were incubated in primary antibody (polyclonal rabbit anti-BDNF, 1:1000; mouse anti-PSD-95, 1:500, both Chemicon, CA, USA; polyclonal mouse anti-?actin, 1:20,000, Millipore, MA, USA) overnight at 4uC. After being washed in the appropriate buffer, membranes were incubated with secondary antibody (goat antirabbit 1:15,000 or goat anti-mouse, 1:5000, both KPL, Maryland, USA). Blots were developed using an enhanced chemiluminescence detection method (ECL Plus, Buckinghamshire, UK). Band intensity was assessed using a BioRad Gel Doc Imaging System with Quantity One software (BioRad, CA, USA). Protein quantity was assessed from the adjusted band intensity using the volume rectangle analysis tools and linear regression methods. Each sample value was divided by the total 15826876 protein loading value (the intensity of ?actin) and localFigure 1. CUS and learning were both stressful. Animals that underwent CUS did not gain weight over the 2-week period of stressor exposure, whereas control animals did (A). Exposure to the CUS paradigm raised corticosterone levels, as did learning in the RAWM (B). Note, however, that learning did not further elevate corticosterone in stressed animals. *significantly different from baseline, { significantly different from Post CUS control. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0053126.gHippocampal Subregions, Stress and Learningend of CUS, however, control animals had gained significantly more.
