Ion in age, income, and gender, using either self-reported years of experience or selfreported hours of experience. See Table 2 for a breakdown of average years of experience and frequency counts of hours of experience across practice types. For all practice groups, there was not a significant difference in the Nutlin (3a)MedChemExpress Nutlin (3a) models that use years of experience compared to the models that use hours of experience. Because years of experience had a higher level of granularity– ranging from a single year up to 44 years (in the case of the Alexander Technique)–we chose to use this measure over hours of experience–where participants chose from eight categories ranging from less than five hours, up to greater than 40,000 hours. The association between meditation practice and wisdom was significant (R2 (adj) = 0.28, F (9,44) = 3.3, p < .01), as was the association between wisdom and experience with ballet dance (R2 (adj) = 0.24, F(9,71) = 3.8, p < .001), controlling for age, gender, and income. There was no significant association between AT experience and wisdom (R2 (adj) = -0.01, F(9,55) = 0.96, n.PLOS ONE | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0149369 February 18,6 /The Relationship between Mental and Somatic Practices and WisdomTable 2. Experience across practice types. Hours Average years experience Fewer than 5 hoursb 6?0 hours 11?00 hours 101?,000 hours 1,001?0,000 hours 10,001?0,000 hours 20,001?0,000 hours Greater than 40,000 hoursa b aN 10 1 14 64 107 47 21AT 19.0 0 0 3 6 34 14 6Ballet 13.4 6 0 4 23 14 16 5FM 14.1 1 0 2 17 40 13 8Meditation 9.6 3 1 5 18 19 4 2Average years taken from self-reported years of experience. Frequency of hours taken from 8-level categorical self-reported experience.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0149369.ts.), nor was there a significant association between FM experience and wisdom (R2 (adj) = -0.03, F(9,84) = 0.72, n.s.), controlling for age, gender, and income. For a full description of the simple correlations between experience with each practice and wisdom, it's subcomponents, and individual characteristics, see Table 3. Meditation styles were heterogeneous across respondents, with most reporting multiple styles to the open-ended question what style(s) of meditation do you have experience with? Across the meditation sample 29.49 of respondents reported practicing vipassana, 23.08 reported practicing mindfulness, and 14.10 reported practicing Buddhist meditation. Table 4 displays the top ten styles by frequency and percentage of j.jebo.2013.04.005 use in the meditation sample. Meditation styles are not mutually exclusive, and so U0126 site percentages add up to more than 100.Mediation of the relationship between practice and wisdomTo investigate possible mediating effects of wisdom related characteristics on the relationship between practice and wisdom, OLS regression models were created in three steps. For these steps, as well as for Sobel tests, the covariates age, gender, and income were partialled out of the dependent variable wisdom. First the direct effect of the predictor variable experience was tested against the dependent variable wisdom. Secondly, each hypothesized mediating variable CE, AE, or TA was regressed against the dependent variable. Finally SART.S23503 the predictor variable was regressed on the dependent variable, controlling for each mediating variable (in separate models). If when controlling for a mediator, the direct effect of the predictor on the dependent variable is no longer significant, then mediation may be assumed. This mediation was tested.Ion in age, income, and gender, using either self-reported years of experience or selfreported hours of experience. See Table 2 for a breakdown of average years of experience and frequency counts of hours of experience across practice types. For all practice groups, there was not a significant difference in the models that use years of experience compared to the models that use hours of experience. Because years of experience had a higher level of granularity– ranging from a single year up to 44 years (in the case of the Alexander Technique)–we chose to use this measure over hours of experience–where participants chose from eight categories ranging from less than five hours, up to greater than 40,000 hours. The association between meditation practice and wisdom was significant (R2 (adj) = 0.28, F (9,44) = 3.3, p < .01), as was the association between wisdom and experience with ballet dance (R2 (adj) = 0.24, F(9,71) = 3.8, p < .001), controlling for age, gender, and income. There was no significant association between AT experience and wisdom (R2 (adj) = -0.01, F(9,55) = 0.96, n.PLOS ONE | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0149369 February 18,6 /The Relationship between Mental and Somatic Practices and WisdomTable 2. Experience across practice types. Hours Average years experience Fewer than 5 hoursb 6?0 hours 11?00 hours 101?,000 hours 1,001?0,000 hours 10,001?0,000 hours 20,001?0,000 hours Greater than 40,000 hoursa b aN 10 1 14 64 107 47 21AT 19.0 0 0 3 6 34 14 6Ballet 13.4 6 0 4 23 14 16 5FM 14.1 1 0 2 17 40 13 8Meditation 9.6 3 1 5 18 19 4 2Average years taken from self-reported years of experience. Frequency of hours taken from 8-level categorical self-reported experience.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0149369.ts.), nor was there a significant association between FM experience and wisdom (R2 (adj) = -0.03, F(9,84) = 0.72, n.s.), controlling for age, gender, and income. For a full description of the simple correlations between experience with each practice and wisdom, it's subcomponents, and individual characteristics, see Table 3. Meditation styles were heterogeneous across respondents, with most reporting multiple styles to the open-ended question what style(s) of meditation do you have experience with? Across the meditation sample 29.49 of respondents reported practicing vipassana, 23.08 reported practicing mindfulness, and 14.10 reported practicing Buddhist meditation. Table 4 displays the top ten styles by frequency and percentage of j.jebo.2013.04.005 use in the meditation sample. Meditation styles are not mutually exclusive, and so percentages add up to more than 100.Mediation of the relationship between practice and wisdomTo investigate possible mediating effects of wisdom related characteristics on the relationship between practice and wisdom, OLS regression models were created in three steps. For these steps, as well as for Sobel tests, the covariates age, gender, and income were partialled out of the dependent variable wisdom. First the direct effect of the predictor variable experience was tested against the dependent variable wisdom. Secondly, each hypothesized mediating variable CE, AE, or TA was regressed against the dependent variable. Finally SART.S23503 the predictor variable was regressed on the dependent variable, controlling for each mediating variable (in separate models). If when controlling for a mediator, the direct effect of the predictor on the dependent variable is no longer significant, then mediation may be assumed. This mediation was tested.
