Eveloped to classify the higher spatial resolution aerial photos DMS (Digital
Eveloped to classify the high spatial resolution aerial photos DMS (Digital Mapping System) along the Laxon Line inside the NASA IceBridge Mission. Four sea ice varieties (thick ice, thin ice, open water, and shadow) have been identified, and relevant sea ice lead parameters had been Cymoxanil Inhibitor derived for the period of 2012018. The spatiotemporal variations of lead fraction along the Laxon Line had been verified by ATM (Airborne Topographic Mapper) surface height data and correlated with coarse spatial resolution sea ice motion, air temperature, and wind information by means of multiple regression models. We identified that the freeboard information derived from sea ice leads were compatible with other solutions. The temperature and ice motion vorticity were the top variables of your formation of sea ice leads, followed by wind vorticity and kinetic moments of ice motion. Keyword phrases: sea ice classification; ice motion vorticity; numerous linear regression; wind; temperature1. Introduction Arctic sea ice functions as a sensitive indicator of international warming simply because sea ice responds to even a smaller increase in temperature [1]. Alternatively, Arctic sea ice can also be an important driver of climate modify, and it plays an important part inside the Earth’s solar radiation price range. This can be resulting from how sea ice features a considerably greater albedo compared to that on the water surface. Consequently, when the Arctic sea ice begins to melt, the oceans absorb additional solar radiation and warm up, accelerating the melting of sea ice within a optimistic feedback [4]. Among all sorts of sea ice attributes, leads have one of a kind qualities. A lead is definitely an elongated crack in the sea ice created by the divergence or shear of floating ice floes when moving with currents and winds [5]. Leads differ in width from meters to numerous meters depending on their improvement along with the directions of surrounding stress and tension. Because a lead is physically an open water physique, thin ice, or mixed open water and thin ice within (thicker) sea ice floe or among sea ice floes, it permits the direct interaction in between the atmosphere along with the ocean and may be the only (or key) channel in the cold Arctic. As a result, leads play a vital function inside the regional radiation energy price range, ship navigation, and also the Arctic sea ice ecosystem [6]. In specific, they dominate the vertical exchange of energy in the course of winter when turbulent heat fluxes more than leads is usually orders of magnitudePublisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.Copyright: 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access write-up distributed beneath the terms and circumstances of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ four.0/).Remote Sens. 2021, 13, 4177. https://doi.org/10.3390/rshttps://www.mdpi.com/journal/remotesensingRemote Sens. 2021, 13,2 oflarger than that more than thick ice. The width of leads and their orientation markedly influence related vertical sensible and latent heat fluxes and related cloud formation [7,8]. Current studies suggest that these fluxes could influence the atmospheric properties tens to hundreds of kilometers downstream [91]. Even a small fraction of thin ice and open water inside the sea ice pack can substantially modify the total power transfer among the ocean along with the atmosphere [12]. In addition, leads are elusive and inconsistent options. If sea water temperature drops below around -1.eight C, the open wat.
