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Gmail.com (T.C.); [email protected] (K.A.); [email protected] (N.-M.K.) Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +30-210-529-4626 These authors contributed equally to this operate.Citation: Thanopoulos, R.; Chatzigeorgiou, T.; Argyropoulou, K.; Kostouros, N.-M.; Bebeli, P.J. State of Crop Landraces in Arcadia (Greece) and In-Situ Thromboxane B2 Data Sheet conservation Possible. Diversity 2021, 13, 558. https:// doi.org/10.3390/d13110558 Academic Editor: Michael Wink Received: 11 October 2021 Accepted: 28 October 2021 Published: 1 NovemberAbstract: Genetic erosion of landraces is rising worldwide, on the other hand there are still regions rich in landrace biodiversity, such as islands and mountainous isolated locations. Defining the motives of landrace abandonment in these places, also as collecting and preserving landraces, is of outmost value. In this context, the Agricultural University of Athens organized missions in 53 villages of Arcadia, a prefecture rich in floral biodiversity and variable climatic situations and topography. The aim was to collect samples from the ML-SA1 site on-farm (in-situ) conserved annual crop landraces and record the location of perennial crop regional varieties. Because classic expertise and practices have been playing a important function in the survival of landraces and neighborhood varieties, information was obtained by means of private interviews with locals making use of semi-structured questionnaires. Despite the fact that the number of accessions collected from Arcadia has been reduced (141 samples) in comparison to previous collections and genetic erosion is advancing drastically for cereals and pulses, a significant quantity of landraces continues to be cultivated by the locals. The factors of landrace abandonment had been other sources of occupation than agriculture, which include public service jobs, mechanization, and commercialization of agriculture. Gastronomic and agro-tourism together with European Union trademarks and policies can assistance locals in landrace/local varieties in-situ conservation. Keywords and phrases: collecting mission; conservation; conservation varieties; diversity; ex-situ; genetic material; landraces; neighborhood varieties; farmers’ varieties; Peloponnese1. Introduction There are many references around the significance of landraces (recognized also as local varieties, farmers’ varieties, or conservation varieties) for their direct conventional use by humans and their worth as genetic sources. In line with Zeven et al. [1], the first reference regarding landraces was made in 1890s, while 20 years later the first definitions on this topic were published. Landraces are usually defined as dynamic populations of a cultivated plant species with historical origin and distinct identity and are connected with a set of farming practices and knowledge [2,3]. For centuries, crop landraces happen to be the genetic material utilized for agriculture and have played a fundamental role within the history of crops worldwide, regarding crop improvement and production [4]. Landraces have extended been recognized as a supply of traits for nearby adaptation, stress tolerance, yield stability, and nutritional top quality [5]. Benlioglu and Adak [6] highlighted that plant genetic resources are the biological basis of global food safety. Because cultivars frequently lack alleles that contribute to tolerance or resistance to biotic and abiotic strain things, breeders use plant genetic sources (landraces and crop wild relatives) for the improvement of varieties [6]. In addition, as described by Azzez [2], although landraces are.
