Signaling and lowering the 5-HT2 Receptor Gene ID accumulation of reactive oxygen species [67]. OsWNK9 plays a function in ABAmediated tension tolerance mechanisms [68]. The GO functional enrichment evaluation of DEGs showed that protein phosphorylation and protein serine/threonine kinase activity have been high enriched at eight DAH, 12 DAH andXie et al. BMC Plant Biol(2021) 21:Page 13 ofTable 2 DEGs encoding PKs differentially expressed in X11 vs. X7, X24 vs. X7, and X11 vs. X24 at eight DAH, 12 DAH and 16 DAHFamily eight DAH X11 vs. X7 Up AGC CAMK CGMC CK1 FGGY SET TKL 0 5 0 0 0 1 8 Down 1 6 3 0 0 five two X24 vs. X7 Up 0 three 0 0 0 1 2 Down 1 3 0 0 1 0 3 X11 vs. X24 Up 0 3 0 0 0 3 five Down 0 five 1 0 0 1 1 12 DAH X11 vs. X7 Up 1 2 0 0 0 1 three Down 0 four two 1 0 1 2 X24 vs. X7 Up 1 0 0 0 0 2 5 Down 1 5 four 1 1 two two X11 vs. X24 Up 0 6 1 0 0 2 4 Down 0 1 0 0 0 9 two 16 DAH X11 vs. X7 Up 0 3 1 0 0 2 9 Down 0 4 0 0 0 3 3 X24 vs. X7 Up 2 two 0 1 0 1 0 Down two 7 0 0 0 5 six X11 vs. X24 Up 1 six 0 0 0 5 11 Down two 4 1 0 0 0Numbers of DEGs encoding PKs differentially expressed with statistical significance (P-value 0.05 and |Log2foldchange(FC)| 1) are shown; Up: up-regulated; Down: down-regulatedFig. eight AMPA Receptor Biological Activity Expression patterns of DEGHL encoding PKs obtained at 8 DAH, 12 DAH and 16 DAH, that are shown as log2Foldchange levels. DEGHL were differentially expressed with statistical significance (P-value 0.05 and |Log2foldchange(FC)| 1)DAH (Fig. 4A-C). Further analysis showed that five AGC , 32 CAMK, 5 CGMC, two CK1, 17 STE and 30 TKL had been differentially expressed in at the very least a single group of pairwise comparison (Table two). In these PKs, there have been 6 DEGHL at 8 DAH, 7 DEGHL at 12 DAH and four DEGHL at 16 DAH (Fig. eight). At eight DAH, 1 CAMK, 1 STE and 1 TKL were up-regulated, 1 AGC , 1 CAMK and 1 TKL were down-regulated. At 12 DAH, 1 AGC and 1 TKL have been up-regulated, two CAMK, 2 CGMC, 1 CK1 and 1 TKL had been down-regulated. At 16 DAH, two CAMK, 1 STE and 1 TKL were down-regulated. The outcomes showed that the differential expression of CAMK and TKL had been discovered at 8 DAH, 12 DAH and 16 DAH, and also the quantity of DEGHL in these two groups were much more than other groups. Meanwhile, TKL member (OsR498G0510476500.01) was significantlydown-regulated (Log2Foldchange -10) at three sampling dates. OsCPK21, which was involved inside the response to ABA [69], was down-regulated at 12 DAH and 16 DAH. Consequently, we speculated that some PKs interacted with phytohormones may be critical elements within the regulation from the caryopsis improvement and chalkiness formation. To be able to validate the RNA-seq information, 12 DEGHL have been selected to confirm expression by real-time PCR analysis, which includes 5 DEGHL involved in starch/sucrose and protein metabolism (OsR498G0100430000.01, OsR498G0204716300.01, OsR498G0917494500.01, OsR498G0204791500.01 and PROLM9), 3 DEGHL encoding TFs (OsR498G0100472700.01,Validation of DEGHL by realtime PCR analysisXie et al. BMC Plant Biol(2021) 21:Web page 14 ofFig. 9 Expression patterns of 12 DEGHL confirmed by real-time PCR, that are shown as log2Foldchange levels. DEGHL had been differentially expressed with statistical significance (P-value 0.05 and |Log2foldchange(FC)| 1). Data shown as means SD of three biological replicates. Asterisks indicate a considerable distinction based on a Dunnett’s test. considerable difference at five level (P 0.05); significant difference at 1 level (P 0.01)Xie et al. BMC Plant Biol(2021) 21:Web page 15 ofOsR498G0100734500.01 and WRKY76), 3 DEGHL related to phytohormonal biosynthesis and signaling (OsYUCCA7, OsARF10 and OsSDR), 1 DEGHL e.
