Ristic curve (AUROC) values for the MBRS scores were significantly more than the AUROC values plotted for the Child-Pugh and APACHE II scores [11]. The prognostic value of MBRS scores for cirrhotic patients with AKI admitted to ICUs needs to be validated further through studies on different cohorts. Further confirmation is particularly important because we observed that, over time, the mortality rates of patients who showed the same characteristics at admission typically decreased. Possible causes that may not have affected the scoring variables, including improvements in therapies and management of bleeding, renal failure, respiratory failure, and sepsis, require additional testing in new study cohorts [2,17]. To the best of our knowledge, no prospective clinical study has validated predictive power of MBRS scores on critically ill cirrhotics with AKI. We aimed to evaluate the reproducibility of the MBRS scoring system in predicting the KDM5A-IN-1 site in-hospital mortality rate by performing an external validation.Materials and Methods Ethics statementThis clinical study was conducted in full compliance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and was consistent with Good Clinical Practice guidelines and applicable local regulatory requirements. The local institutional review board of Chang Gung Memorial Hospital approved our study protocol. Patients meeting the inclusion criteria were MedChemExpress 13655-52-2 invited to participate in this study on their first day of ICU admission. Trained physicians evaluated their 1662274 mental status during the screening and informed consent procedure. Written informed consent was obtained from all mentally competent patients or next-of-kin of compromised ones prior to their participation.Patient information and data collectionThis study was performed between March 2008 and February 2011 in a 10-bed specialized ICU (hepatogastroenterology ICU) at a 2000-bed tertiary care referral hospital in Taiwan. In this study, we included 190 consecutive patients with hepatic cirrhosis and AKI requiring intensive monitoring and/or treatment that cannot be provided outside the ICU. We excluded patients who did not match the criteria of AKI (127 patients), patients who had previous end-stage renal disease patients undergoing regular renal replacement therapy (38 patients); patients whose hospital stay length ,24 h (30 patients), patients who had received liver transplantation (16 patients), and patient who were readmitted (21 patients). The following data were collected 
prospectively: demographic data; reason for admission to the ICU; immediate diagnosis; severity of the illness; MELD, SOFA, APACHE II, and APACHE III scores determined on the first day of ICU admission; the duration of hospitalization; and the treatment outcome. The primary study outcome was the in-hospital mortality rate. Followup examinations were performed 6 months after discharge of the patients from the hospital by analyzing the chart records.50 increase in SCr levels indicates acute renal dysfunction as per the RIFLE (risk of renal failure, injury to the kidney, failure of kidney function, loss of kidney function, and end-stage renal failure) classification 
system. In that study, the patient had RIFLER stage disease since the patient’s SCr level had increased by a factor of 1.5 or more from the baseline [18]. Baseline SCr was the first value measured during hospitalization. The modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD) formula was used to estimate the baseline SCr l.Ristic curve (AUROC) values for the MBRS scores were significantly more than the AUROC values plotted for the Child-Pugh and APACHE II scores [11]. The prognostic value of MBRS scores for cirrhotic patients with AKI admitted to ICUs needs to be validated further through studies on different cohorts. Further confirmation is particularly important because we observed that, over time, the mortality rates of patients who showed the same characteristics at admission typically decreased. Possible causes that may not have affected the scoring variables, including improvements in therapies and management of bleeding, renal failure, respiratory failure, and sepsis, require additional testing in new study cohorts [2,17]. To the best of our knowledge, no prospective clinical study has validated predictive power of MBRS scores on critically ill cirrhotics with AKI. We aimed to evaluate the reproducibility of the MBRS scoring system in predicting the in-hospital mortality rate by performing an external validation.Materials and Methods Ethics statementThis clinical study was conducted in full compliance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and was consistent with Good Clinical Practice guidelines and applicable local regulatory requirements. The local institutional review board of Chang Gung Memorial Hospital approved our study protocol. Patients meeting the inclusion criteria were invited to participate in this study on their first day of ICU admission. Trained physicians evaluated their 1662274 mental status during the screening and informed consent procedure. Written informed consent was obtained from all mentally competent patients or next-of-kin of compromised ones prior to their participation.Patient information and data collectionThis study was performed between March 2008 and February 2011 in a 10-bed specialized ICU (hepatogastroenterology ICU) at a 2000-bed tertiary care referral hospital in Taiwan. In this study, we included 190 consecutive patients with hepatic cirrhosis and AKI requiring intensive monitoring and/or treatment that cannot be provided outside the ICU. We excluded patients who did not match the criteria of AKI (127 patients), patients who had previous end-stage renal disease patients undergoing regular renal replacement therapy (38 patients); patients whose hospital stay length ,24 h (30 patients), patients who had received liver transplantation (16 patients), and patient who were readmitted (21 patients). The following data were collected prospectively: demographic data; reason for admission to the ICU; immediate diagnosis; severity of the illness; MELD, SOFA, APACHE II, and APACHE III scores determined on the first day of ICU admission; the duration of hospitalization; and the treatment outcome. The primary study outcome was the in-hospital mortality rate. Followup examinations were performed 6 months after discharge of the patients from the hospital by analyzing the chart records.50 increase in SCr levels indicates acute renal dysfunction as per the RIFLE (risk of renal failure, injury to the kidney, failure of kidney function, loss of kidney function, and end-stage renal failure) classification system. In that study, the patient had RIFLER stage disease since the patient’s SCr level had increased by a factor of 1.5 or more from the baseline [18]. Baseline SCr was the first value measured during hospitalization. The modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD) formula was used to estimate the baseline SCr l.
