Oblem is shown through the investment in the equity industry.Author
Oblem is shown by means of the investment within the equity market.Author Contributions: Conceptualization, N.H.; Information curation, N.H.; Funding acquisition, N.H.; Investigation, N.H.; Methodology, N.H.; Sources, N.H. and W.W.; Application, N.H.; Supervision, N.H.; Visualization, N.H.; Writing–original draft, N.H.; Writing–review and editing, N.H. and W.W. All authors have read and agreed for the published version of your manuscript. Funding: Center of Excellence in Econometrics, Faculty of Economics, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand. Institutional Review Board Statement: Not applicable. Informed Consent Statement: Not applicable. Data Availability Statement: Not applicable. Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
mathematicsArticleComparative Study of Power Consumption and CO2 Emissions of Variable-Speed Electric Drives with Induction and Synchronous Reluctance Motors in Pump UnitsVictor Goman 1 , Vladimir Prakht two , Vadim Kazakbaev 2, and Vladimir DmitrievskiiNizhniy Tagil Technological Institute, Ural Federal University, 622000 Nizhniy Tagil, Russia; [email protected] Division of Electrical Engineering, Ural Federal University, 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia; [email protected] (V.P.); [email protected] (V.D.) Correspondence: [email protected]: Goman, V.; Prakht, V.; Kazakbaev, V.; Dmitrievskii, V. Comparative Study of Energy Consumption and CO2 Emissions of Variable-Speed Electric Drives with Induction and Synchronous Reluctance Motors in Pump Units. Mathematics 2021, 9, 2679. https:// doi.org/10.3390/math9212679 Academic Editors: Paolo Mercorelli and Nicu Bizon Received: three August 2021 Accepted: 20 October 2021 Published: 22 OctoberAbstract: This study carried out a comparative analysis of indicators of electrical energy consumption and CO2 emissions for four-pole induction motors (IMs) of efficiency classes IE3 and IE4 having a rated power of 2.200 kW within a variable speed pump unit. Additionally, innovative IE4 converter-fed synchronous reluctance motors (SynRMs) have been evaluated. The comparison was derived from the manufacturer’s specifications for the power drive systems (PDSs) at various rotational speeds and loads. The results showed that the emission indicators for IE3 class motors have been drastically worse compared with IE4 class motors for low power DBCO-Maleimide Epigenetic Reader Domain ratings, which make up the vast majority of electric motors in service. This justifies expanding the mandatory power variety for IE4 motors to a minimum of 7.500 kW or perhaps 0.7500 kW, as it will substantially contribute to the achievement from the new ambitious goals for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Also, the operational advantages of IE4 SynRMs over IE4 IMs had been demonstrated, like their easier style and manufacturing technologies at a price tag comparable to that of IE3 IMs. Keywords: carbon dioxide emissions; climate change mitigation; electric motors; power conversion; power efficiency; power efficiency class; energy policy and regulation; power saving; sustainable utilization of resources1. Introduction Lately, the European Union has set new ambitious targets to attain a climateneutral economy by 2050 based on the European Green Deal strategy [1]. Also, the Council of Europe has raised the target for minimizing greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 in the 1990 degree of 40 to 55 [2]. The primary greenhouse gas is carbon dioxide (CO2 ). Probably the most modern strategies of electricity generation lead to CO2 emissions. Therefore, t.
