S, epidemiological studies to detect associations of gene polymorphisms with disease phenotypes are preferred.
HHS Public AccessAuthor manuscriptBiochim Biophys Acta. Author manuscript; accessible in PMC 2016 April 01.Published in final edited kind as: Biochim Biophys Acta. 2015 April ; 1855(two): 27600. doi:ten.1016/j.bbcan.2015.03.006.Author Manuscript Author Manuscript Author Manuscript Author ManuscriptInsights into the key roles of proteoglycans in breast cancer biology and translational medicineAchilleas D. Theocharis1, Spyros S. Skandalis1, Thomas Neill2, Hinke A. B. Multhaupt3, Mario Hubo4, Helena Frey4, Sandeep Gopal3, Ang ica Gomes3, Nikos Afratis3, Hooi Ching Lim3, John R. Couchman3, Jorge Filmus5, Ralph D. Sanderson6, Liliana Schaefer4, Renato V. Iozzo2, and Nikos K. Karamanos1,1Biochemistry,Biochemical Analysis Matrix Pathobiology ANG-2 Proteins Molecular Weight Investigation Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Division of Chemistry, University of Patras, 26500 Patras, Greece2Departmentof Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, plus the Cancer Cell Biology and Signaling Program, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA of Biomedical Sciences and Biotech Research Innovation Center, University of Copenhagen, Denmark3Department4Universityof Frankfurt, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Theodor-Stern Kai 7, Frankfurt 60590 Germany of Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Analysis Institute and Division of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Canada6University5Departmentof Alabama at Birmingham, Division of Pathology, UAB Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1720 2nd Ave. S, WTI 602B, Birmingham, AL 35294, USAAbstractProteoglycans handle a lot of regular and pathological processes, amongst that are IL-6 Proteins medchemexpress morphogenesis, tissue repair, inflammation, vascularization and cancer metastasis. In the course of tumor improvement and growth, proteoglycan expression is markedly modified in the tumor microenvironment. Altered expression of proteoglycans on tumor and stromal cell membranes affects cancer cell signaling, development and survival, cell adhesion, migration and angiogenesis. Despite the high complexity and heterogeneity of breast cancer, the fast evolution in our information that proteoglycans are amongst the important players inside the breast tumor microenvironment suggests their potential as pharmacological targets in this variety of cancer. It has been lately suggested that pharmacological remedy could target proteoglycan metabolism, their utilization as targets for immunotherapy or their direct use as therapeutic agents. The diversity inherent within the proteoglycans that could be presented herein delivers the possible for a number of layers of regulation2015 Published by Elsevier B.V. Corresponding author: Nikos K. Karamanos, address as above, phone: +30-2610-997915, [email protected]. Publisher’s Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript which has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are offering this early version from the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and assessment from the resulting proof prior to it is actually published in its final citable type. Please note that in the course of the production method errors may well be found which could affect the content material, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.Theocharis et al.Pageof breast tumor behavior. This critique summarizes current developments concerning the biology of selected proteoglycans in breast cancer, and presents prospective.
