T macroalgae contain one major sterol, cholesterol and fucosterol, respectively 4 Sitosterol is the main sterol in halophytes [17,75]. desmethyl sterols (with no substituent on carbon4), 4monomethyl sterols (with one methyl group Plant sterols, or phytosterols, can be classified based on their structure or biosynthesis, as at carbon4) and 4,4dimethyl sterols (with two methyl groups at carbon4). Once incorporated in the membrane bilayer, sterols substituent on carbon-4), 4-monomethyl sterols (with used to 4-desmethyl sterols (with no regulate its fluidity and permeability. The ratio ST/PL can be one methyl groupindicate plant sensitivity to salt, with higher values helping to maintain structural integrity while at carbon-4) and 4,4-dimethyl sterols (with two methyl groups at carbon-4). Once incorporated decreasing the permeability of the membrane bilayer [76]. in the membrane bilayer, sterols regulate its fluidity and permeability. The ratio ST/PL can be used Sterols and derivatives extracted from to indicate plant sensitivity to salt, with higher marine CI-1011 biological activity macrophytes were found to play important values helping to maintain structural integrity while bioactivities (e.g., antiinflammatory and antiaterogenic). Phytosterols (C28 and C29 sterols) are decreasing the permeability of the membrane bilayer [76]. important precursors of vitamin D2, cortisone and hormone flavone, playing a key role in Sterols and derivatives extracted from marine macrophytes were found to play important nutraceutical industries. Phytosterol, especially sitosterol, has also been shown to lower total and bioactivities (e.g., anti-inflammatory by inhibiting cholesterol Phytosterols (C28 and C29 sterols) are LDL cholesterol levels in humans and antiaterogenic). absorption from the intestine [77]. In important precursors of vitamin D2, cortisone and hormone flavone, playing a key role in nutraceutical addition, steryl glycosides in LDN193189MedChemExpress LDN193189 plants and algae have also been found. The presence of glucose increase industries. Phytosterol, especially -sitosterol, has also been shown to lowerthe membrane [78,79]; the hydrophilic part of the lipid and thus the biophysical properties of total and LDL cholesterol levelsalthough the biological function are still unclear, the steryl glicoside seems [77]. In addition, steryl in humans by inhibiting cholesterol absorption from the intestine to create an effective obstacle to cholesterol esterification, thus resulting in inhibition of cholesterol in the blood vessel (as glycosides in plants and algae have also been found. The presence of glucose increase the hydrophilic part of the lipid and thus the biophysical properties of the membrane [78,79]; although the biological function are still unclear, the steryl glicoside seems to create an effective obstacle to cholesterol esterification, thus resulting in inhibition of cholesterol in the blood vessel (as reviewed in [78]). In contrast with polar lipids, sterols in halophytes have been thoroughly investigated [2].Mar. Drugs 2016, 14, x10 ofMar. Drugs 2016, 14,reviewed in [78]). In contrast with polar lipids, sterols in halophytes have been thoroughly investigated [2].10 of4. Strategies for Lipid Analysis from Marine Macrophytes: From Extraction to Structural Characterization 4. Strategies for Lipid Analysis from Marine Macrophytes: From Extraction to Structural Characterization Li.T macroalgae contain one major sterol, cholesterol and fucosterol, respectively 4 Sitosterol is the main sterol in halophytes [17,75]. desmethyl sterols (with no substituent on carbon4), 4monomethyl sterols (with one methyl group Plant sterols, or phytosterols, can be classified based on their structure or biosynthesis, as at carbon4) and 4,4dimethyl sterols (with two methyl groups at carbon4). Once incorporated in the membrane bilayer, sterols substituent on carbon-4), 4-monomethyl sterols (with used to 4-desmethyl sterols (with no regulate its fluidity and permeability. The ratio ST/PL can be one methyl groupindicate plant sensitivity to salt, with higher values helping to maintain structural integrity while at carbon-4) and 4,4-dimethyl sterols (with two methyl groups at carbon-4). Once incorporated decreasing the permeability of the membrane bilayer [76]. in the membrane bilayer, sterols regulate its fluidity and permeability. The ratio ST/PL can be used Sterols and derivatives extracted from to indicate plant sensitivity to salt, with higher marine macrophytes were found to play important values helping to maintain structural integrity while bioactivities (e.g., antiinflammatory and antiaterogenic). Phytosterols (C28 and C29 sterols) are decreasing the permeability of the membrane bilayer [76]. important precursors of vitamin D2, cortisone and hormone flavone, playing a key role in Sterols and derivatives extracted from marine macrophytes were found to play important nutraceutical industries. Phytosterol, especially sitosterol, has also been shown to lower total and bioactivities (e.g., anti-inflammatory by inhibiting cholesterol Phytosterols (C28 and C29 sterols) are LDL cholesterol levels in humans and antiaterogenic). absorption from the intestine [77]. In important precursors of vitamin D2, cortisone and hormone flavone, playing a key role in nutraceutical addition, steryl glycosides in plants and algae have also been found. The presence of glucose increase industries. Phytosterol, especially -sitosterol, has also been shown to lowerthe membrane [78,79]; the hydrophilic part of the lipid and thus the biophysical properties of total and LDL cholesterol levelsalthough the biological function are still unclear, the steryl glicoside seems [77]. In addition, steryl in humans by inhibiting cholesterol absorption from the intestine to create an effective obstacle to cholesterol esterification, thus resulting in inhibition of cholesterol in the blood vessel (as glycosides in plants and algae have also been found. The presence of glucose increase the hydrophilic part of the lipid and thus the biophysical properties of the membrane [78,79]; although the biological function are still unclear, the steryl glicoside seems to create an effective obstacle to cholesterol esterification, thus resulting in inhibition of cholesterol in the blood vessel (as reviewed in [78]). In contrast with polar lipids, sterols in halophytes have been thoroughly investigated [2].Mar. Drugs 2016, 14, x10 ofMar. Drugs 2016, 14,reviewed in [78]). In contrast with polar lipids, sterols in halophytes have been thoroughly investigated [2].10 of4. Strategies for Lipid Analysis from Marine Macrophytes: From Extraction to Structural Characterization 4. Strategies for Lipid Analysis from Marine Macrophytes: From Extraction to Structural Characterization Li.
