Ting dairy foods for snacks, and eating calcium-rich side dishes at meals. These findings suggest that teachingstrategies to alpha-Amanitin biological activity increase the perceived ability of performing specific, simple behaviors (e.g., eating one or more dairy foods every day, eating yogurt as snacks) might be useful in nutrition education to increase calcium intake. In contrast, there was no difference in the perceived ability to eat calcium-rich foods in specific Quizartinib web situations, such as eating out and eating with others. Results for these self-efficacy items (possible score: 1-5, mean score 3.2 for eating out, 3.1 for eating with others) indicate that the perceived ability to consume calcium-rich foods was not high in social situations. Therefore, college women should learn the methods for choosing calcium-rich foods in social eating situations. Contrary to previous studies [35], perceived constraints of cost or time were not barriers to calcium intake. The study results show that eating behaviors in general or consumption of food groups were not desirable in the current study. Eating behaviors such as eating a variety of foods, eating adequate amounts, and eating meals regularly were not significantly different by calcium intake level. A previous study on college women [36] also reported problems such as irregular meals, skipping meals, eating speed, and eating late at night. With respect to consumption of food groups, several differences in eating behaviors were noted by calcium intake status. College women in the HC group, showed more desirable behaviors in eating dairy foods (P < 0.001), anchovies, seaweeds, green vegetables, and protein foods (P < 0.05) than those in the LC group. Foods in these food groups are major sources of dietary calcium, and thus more frequent consumption of these foods contributes to higher calcium intake. This study also showed that those with high calcium intake exhibited more desirable eating behaviors, such as eating fruits more often (P < 0.001) and having sweets or soft drinks less (P < 0.01). Song et al. [37] reported that the traditional meal group (e.g., healthy eating) showed higher intakes of nutrients (e.g., proteins, iron, and vitamin A) and higher bone mass compared to the modified group (e.g., like to eat noodles, bread, fast food, snack, etc.). Studies on nutrient intakes [38-40] have reported that intakes of calcium, protein, iron, and vitamins contribute to bone mass, suggesting the importance of modifying eating behaviors. In conclusion, this study examined the factors related to calcium intake by applying theoretical background (SCT) and revealed that those with high calcium intake had more favorable outcome expectations, higher self-efficacy in consuming calciumrich foods, and more desirable eating behaviors. However, there was no difference in nutrition knowledge by calcium intake level. Based on this study, nutrition education for college women needs to modify personal expectations of consuming calcium-rich foods, increasing self-efficacy in consuming calciumrich foods, and changing specific behaviors for increased calcium intake. More specifically, nutrition education might focus on practical benefits of eating calcium-rich foods (e.g., taste, for snack foods, convenience, etc.) as well as health benefits. Nutrition education should also incorporate methods for increasing perceived confidence to consume calcium-rich foods (e.g., eating dairy foods regularly, eating dairy foods for snacks, eating high-calcium side dis.Ting dairy foods for snacks, and eating calcium-rich side dishes at meals. These findings suggest that teachingstrategies to increase the perceived ability of performing specific, simple behaviors (e.g., eating one or more dairy foods every day, eating yogurt as snacks) might be useful in nutrition education to increase calcium intake. In contrast, there was no difference in the perceived ability to eat calcium-rich foods in specific situations, such as eating out and eating with others. Results for these self-efficacy items (possible score: 1-5, mean score 3.2 for eating out, 3.1 for eating with others) indicate that the perceived ability to consume calcium-rich foods was not high in social situations. Therefore, college women should learn the methods for choosing calcium-rich foods in social eating situations. Contrary to previous studies [35], perceived constraints of cost or time were not barriers to calcium intake. The study results show that eating behaviors in general or consumption of food groups were not desirable in the current study. Eating behaviors such as eating a variety of foods, eating adequate amounts, and eating meals regularly were not significantly different by calcium intake level. A previous study on college women [36] also reported problems such as irregular meals, skipping meals, eating speed, and eating late at night. With respect to consumption of food groups, several differences in eating behaviors were noted by calcium intake status. College women in the HC group, showed more desirable behaviors in eating dairy foods (P < 0.001), anchovies, seaweeds, green vegetables, and protein foods (P < 0.05) than those in the LC group. Foods in these food groups are major sources of dietary calcium, and thus more frequent consumption of these foods contributes to higher calcium intake. This study also showed that those with high calcium intake exhibited more desirable eating behaviors, such as eating fruits more often (P < 0.001) and having sweets or soft drinks less (P < 0.01). Song et al. [37] reported that the traditional meal group (e.g., healthy eating) showed higher intakes of nutrients (e.g., proteins, iron, and vitamin A) and higher bone mass compared to the modified group (e.g., like to eat noodles, bread, fast food, snack, etc.). Studies on nutrient intakes [38-40] have reported that intakes of calcium, protein, iron, and vitamins contribute to bone mass, suggesting the importance of modifying eating behaviors. In conclusion, this study examined the factors related to calcium intake by applying theoretical background (SCT) and revealed that those with high calcium intake had more favorable outcome expectations, higher self-efficacy in consuming calciumrich foods, and more desirable eating behaviors. However, there was no difference in nutrition knowledge by calcium intake level. Based on this study, nutrition education for college women needs to modify personal expectations of consuming calcium-rich foods, increasing self-efficacy in consuming calciumrich foods, and changing specific behaviors for increased calcium intake. More specifically, nutrition education might focus on practical benefits of eating calcium-rich foods (e.g., taste, for snack foods, convenience, etc.) as well as health benefits. Nutrition education should also incorporate methods for increasing perceived confidence to consume calcium-rich foods (e.g., eating dairy foods regularly, eating dairy foods for snacks, eating high-calcium side dis.
